Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay is a process in medical diagnostics where specific protein molecules are calibrated or if they are present in a given sample. This is mainly used in figuring out if there is any disease or innate conditions in a person to adhere adequate medication as soon as possible.
An example for this would be for HIV testing. It looks for the certain antibodies which is related to the HIV virus within the blood. In regards to the thyroid glands, what is used are Thyroid ELISA kits, which are very common. Other testing kits are available as well for other parts of the body.
Finding out if you have any specific food allergy is also done using this test. It may be used for testing if a patient is using illegal drugs. Generally, it is a tool for plant pathology and quality control check for certain industries. The calibration or reading is through how vibrant the color is and its changes after each sample is tested.
There are two most common types of ELISA tests. The indirect detects protein or the antibody and the example for this is as what was mentioned, HIV tests. The other one is the capture or sandwich. It detects the antigen by capturing them between two antibodies. The hormone human chorionic gonadotropin, or hCG, is detected using sandwich. One example of this would be pregnancy tests.
Various ways of collecting fluid samples from patients are possible, but the two most common are urine and blood. Urine and blood are placed in a container, or most likely a test tube, then are sent out to the hospital laboratories or clinics for analysis and testing. Inside the laboratory, the testing would start if there is any present antigen or antibody.
The human blood samples inside the test tubes will be placed in a centrifuge to separate the different parts of it and for it to get a blood serum. A blood serum is a sample that has the clotting feature taken out of it. The high speed from the centrifuge separates the cells and plasma, making it easier to extract the serum.
One common enzyme used for detection is the Horseradish Peroxidase. It separates the Ortho Phenylenediamine Dihydrochloride from Tetramethylbenzidine. The resulting color would be yellow which can be measured also for its optical density using a plate reader. Through light absorbance, OPD is measured in a wavelength of 490 nanometers and TMB is measured at 450 nanometers.
When the patient is thought to have a known disease or condition, the blood or urine sample will have specific antibodies which will react to the testings. These antibodies will latch itself to the antigens which are the specific bonding agents in the test. After that, the samples will be washed with a solution in order for it to remove everything else except for the antigens or also the antibodies.
To get results through color changes, enzyme solutions would be added to the samples to get either a positive or a negative result. But there is a certain possibility for the test results to give a false positive. A false positive is when a sample has no infection or whatever but still gives a positive result. Even so, ELISA tests are reliable and considered to be a standard in the immunology community.
An example for this would be for HIV testing. It looks for the certain antibodies which is related to the HIV virus within the blood. In regards to the thyroid glands, what is used are Thyroid ELISA kits, which are very common. Other testing kits are available as well for other parts of the body.
Finding out if you have any specific food allergy is also done using this test. It may be used for testing if a patient is using illegal drugs. Generally, it is a tool for plant pathology and quality control check for certain industries. The calibration or reading is through how vibrant the color is and its changes after each sample is tested.
There are two most common types of ELISA tests. The indirect detects protein or the antibody and the example for this is as what was mentioned, HIV tests. The other one is the capture or sandwich. It detects the antigen by capturing them between two antibodies. The hormone human chorionic gonadotropin, or hCG, is detected using sandwich. One example of this would be pregnancy tests.
Various ways of collecting fluid samples from patients are possible, but the two most common are urine and blood. Urine and blood are placed in a container, or most likely a test tube, then are sent out to the hospital laboratories or clinics for analysis and testing. Inside the laboratory, the testing would start if there is any present antigen or antibody.
The human blood samples inside the test tubes will be placed in a centrifuge to separate the different parts of it and for it to get a blood serum. A blood serum is a sample that has the clotting feature taken out of it. The high speed from the centrifuge separates the cells and plasma, making it easier to extract the serum.
One common enzyme used for detection is the Horseradish Peroxidase. It separates the Ortho Phenylenediamine Dihydrochloride from Tetramethylbenzidine. The resulting color would be yellow which can be measured also for its optical density using a plate reader. Through light absorbance, OPD is measured in a wavelength of 490 nanometers and TMB is measured at 450 nanometers.
When the patient is thought to have a known disease or condition, the blood or urine sample will have specific antibodies which will react to the testings. These antibodies will latch itself to the antigens which are the specific bonding agents in the test. After that, the samples will be washed with a solution in order for it to remove everything else except for the antigens or also the antibodies.
To get results through color changes, enzyme solutions would be added to the samples to get either a positive or a negative result. But there is a certain possibility for the test results to give a false positive. A false positive is when a sample has no infection or whatever but still gives a positive result. Even so, ELISA tests are reliable and considered to be a standard in the immunology community.
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